Civil negligence ka basic formula simple hai: jab kisi ka careless behaviour dusre ko harm pohcha de, toh wo damages ke liye liable ho sakta hai. Yeh rozmarra ki situations me hota hai – road accidents, wet floor pe warning sign bina chhodna, faulty products, careless professional advice, etc.
Negligence prove karne ke liye normally teen cheezein dikhani padti hain:
- Duty of care – defendant ko reasonable care lena chahiye tha (driver, shop owner, doctor, etc.)
- Breach – usne wo standard maintain nahi kiya (overspeeding, no warning, sloppy treatment).
- Damage – is breach ki wajah se actual injury, loss, ya property damage hua.
Har galti negligence nahi ban jaati. Law “reasonable person” ka standard use karta hai, not perfection. Hota yeh hai ki courts context dekhte hain – emergency thi? Information incomplete thi? Risk kitna predictable tha?
Compensation me medical expenses, loss of income, pain and suffering, and sometimes long-term disability ke liye amounts include ho sakte hain. Professional negligence cases (doctors, lawyers, engineers) me expert evidence bohot crucial hota hai.
Practical tip: accident ya negligence case me photos, videos, bills, medical reports, witness contact details sab preserve karo. Civil claim ki backbone documentary proof hi hota hai, na ke sirf emotions.